Vaporizer



- De- 3, 1929. R. F. LONABERGER -ET As. 1,738,478

VAPOR'IZER Filed March 24, 1925 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 f @MIM Wwf De- 3, 1929. R. F. LONABERGER ET AL. 1,738,478

vAPoRIzER Filed March 24, 1925 '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 DCC- 3, 1929- R. F. LONABERGER ET Ax. 1,738,473

VAPORI ZER Filed March 24, 1925 Sheets-Sheet 3 Dec- 3, 1929. R. F. LONABERGER ET Al. 1,738,478

VAPORIZER A Filed March 24, 1925 '7 `Sheets-Sheet 4 Robe/"f ana/verger Char/es /C Sana/Ji Dec# 3, 1929. R. F. LONABERGER ET AL 1,738,473

VAPORIZER Filed March .24, 1925 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Hber /C Lonabergef Chor/e: F. Sands Dec. 3, 1929.

VAPORIZER R. F. LONABERGER ET AL Filed March 24, 1925 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 V/Po/aer /C onabe/jgec Char/es f. 507706;

i? @fm/MW than Dec- 3, 1929. R. F. LONABERGER ET A1.' 1,738,478 l vAPoRIzER Filed March 24, 1925 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Pobe'f/L F. Lona-e/ge/L, Char/e5 Sanc/5 Patented Dee. 3, 1929 ROBERT F. LONABEEGER AND CHAR-LES F. SANDS, OF READING, PENNSYLVANA, AF SIGNGRS TO LLUYD A. UITGER', TRUSTEE VAPDR-ZER .application filed March 2a, 1925. Serial No. 17,937.

rl`his invention aims to `improve the operation ot' internal combustion engines and .more particularly to adapt such engines to operaw tion with heavy `liquid iuel not easily vola tilized, such as kerosene, petroleum distillate and fuel oil for example. rllhe invention further aims to enable such fuels to be utilized in operating internal eombnstion en Eo ine-s primarily designed for r unning' on gasd line, to simplify the construction oit heavy l'uel vaporizers and to adapt one Ylor vaporizing either light or heavy fuels.

Further aims and advantages 01' the invention appear hereinafter in connection with the description of the illustrative embodiment thereof shown in the drawings, wherein Fig'. 1 is a side elevation of a vaporizer adapte-d for use with a multi-cylinder vertical engine;

Fig. 2 is and end elevation and Fig. 3 is a top plan view, oi' the vaporizer shown in Figs. 1 and 2; i j i Fig. l is a horizontal cross-seetion oli the same, the section being;` taken on the line l-fl in Fig. 1;

Figs. 5 and 6 are vertical cross-sections on the lines 5 5 and 6 6, respeesively,in Figs. 2 and 3, lookingl in the direction of the arrows numbered to correspont.;

Fig. 7 is a vertical cross-section on the line 77 in Figs. 1 and B, looking,` in the direetion of the arrows;

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 7 showing,v a modilied form of theinvention; and

Fig. 9 is a cross-section thereoll on the line 9-9 in Fig. 8, looking in the direction of the arrows. i

In Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, the parts are shown in their normal running; iositions, and

in Fig'. 6 they are shown in their positions for starting; the vaporizer into action.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 1 to 7 comprises a body or casing 1() ol' suitable construction :tor supporting the various operating parte, and which is provided with a luel Well or supply chamber 11 and a flanged outlet pipe 12 (see Fig. 2) for conducting the vaporized fuel to the inlet pipe of the engine and which may form a support for the vaporizer. A throttle valve 13 (see Fig. 7) may be fitted in the outlet pipe 12 for controllingthe supply of ii'uel mixture to the engine in the usual manner.

i rlhe main fuel nozzle orjet 14- (see Figs 5 and 7) is arranged in the threat 15 at the upper end of the tube 16, and an adjustable needle valve 17 is arranged above the nozzle to regulate the amount of liquid fuel delivered by the nozzle. The lower end oli the mixing` tube 16 has an auxiliary air inlet 18 close-d by an automatic air valve 19 which is opened by the suction oil the motor. A spring pressed pin 2O limits and controls the amount oi' ope-ning' of this valve 19. rlhe tension et the valve pin spring may be adjusted to suit the Conditions oit useoll the vaporizer by turning` the housing` cap 21, which is threaded on to the spring;1 housing` 22, and which in turn is likewise adjustable to vary the point at which the pin 20 Will be engaged bythe valve 1S). Loek nuts 23 hold the cap and housing` in adjusted position. This auxiliary air valve should be adjusted. to suit the amount of opening ol the main fuel nozzle 1l tor ordinary running,l conditions at normal engine speeds. When starting` the valve 19 may be held closed by means oit a bell Crank lever 24rhaving suitable means for Controlling;` it from a convenient point.

F or high speeds and lull load conditions an auxiliary fuel nozzle 25 provided (see Fig. 5) which discharges into the mixing chamber 26 above the throat l5. The nozzle 25 is normally closed by a valve 27 held on W" by a spi-intev 28 but which may be lifted by a lever 29 controlled by the high speed air valve 30. This valve 30 is normally held up to close the opening from the outer air into the mixing; chamber by an adjustable spring 31. rlhe spring' 31 rests on a block 32 in the adjustable spring housings; 33. rllhe lovver end or the valve 'stem slides through the block 82, and the upper end projeets above the valve and has its extremity screw threaded to receive adjustable lool; nuts 311- Whieh aetuate the lever 29 when the valve 30 is opened. The spring' 31 is adjusted to hold the valve 30 closed except when the suction on the vaporize-r is strong, due to a Wide throttle opening, as at high speeds. A locking' screw 85 actuated by a lever 36 connected to any suitable operating means is provided for holding the vvalve closed when starting the vaporizer.

Liquid fuel is supplied to the'auxiliary fuel Vnozzle through a duct 37 from the fuel well which passes alongside of the vaporizer tube 16 between it and the combustion and heat transfer chamber 38, hereinafter described (see Figs. 5 and 7) for the purpose of heating and vaporizing the fuel prior to its issuance from the nozzle 25. The nozzle 25 is set at la Vlevel above that of the fuel in the supply chamber 11 to avoid feeding an undue amount of fuel.

The combustion and heat transfer chamber 38 (see Fig. 6) is supplied with a rich combustible fuel mixture through the mixing tube 39'in which a fuel jet nozzle 40 is located.

. The amount of orifice opening of the nozzle 40 is controlled by means of the needle valve 41 which is adjusted by the screw 42. The jet nozzle 40 is connected to the fuel well 11 by a'suitable duct 43. Sufficient air for combustion of a portion of the fuel is admitted to themixing tube 39 through the port 45 under of electric energy by means of the conductor 49. The resistance element is preferably bustion chamber 38 to ignite grounded at its free end on a suitable contact block 50 in the bottom of the heater chamber 46 so as to form an arc when the current is on. The air may be admitted from the atmosphere to the heater chamber 46`through the open ing Y51, which may be fitted with an orifice block having an orifice 52 of a size suitable to the fuel used.V Preferably this orifice is inclined downwardly as shown in Fie'. 6 to direct .the entering air against the hottest part of the arc.` In very cold weather, or 1f for any reason the'device does not start readi ily, liquid fuel may be squirted into the cham` ber`l46- through the orifice 52, where it will be flashed into vapor by the arc.

A three way cock-53 is fitted in the. fuelizer mixing tube for closing theopening 45 from the atmosphere and opening the passage from the heater chamber for starting the vaporizer (see Fig. 6), and vi'ce versa under normal running conditions (see Fig. This cock 53 has a handle 54 which may be connected in any suitable Vmanner to a'control handle, (not shown) on the instrument board .or other convenientlocation.

.A spark yplug 55 is screwed into the comthe combustible mixture therein. This spark plug is connected to a jump spark coil or other source of high tension current by means of a suitable conductor 56 whereby a stream of sparks is maintained across the gap between the points of the spark plug while the vaporizer is in operation, thereby insuring the ignition and continuous burning of the rich fuel mixture in the chamber 38.

In the form of device illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7, the burning fuel mixture is conducted through a heat transfer tube 58 arranged in the combustion chamber 38 and which has a middle flange 59 separating the latter into upper and lower spaces. The lower walls of the tube 58 are thickened and provided with a large number of small openings 60 through which the hot products of combus tion of the burning fuel mixture pass into the lower space of the combustion chamber and thence through an outlet duct 61 (see Fig. 7) into the lower end of the. mixing tube 16 where it mixes with cold air from the auxiliary air valve opening 18 and ilows through the throat 15 past the fuel jet 14. rThese small openings 60 extinguish the llame of the burning fuel and prevent further combustion, the temperature of the products of combustion not being high enough for them to ignite after passing through, so no further burning takes place even after the mixture is further enriched by fuel from the jet 14.

The heat generated in the combustion chamber 38 is partly utilized in vaporizing a portion of fuel mixture. in the vaporizing passages 65, which, in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 7, are formed in the upper walls of the heat transfer tube 58 and which discharge into the mixing chamber 26 through an orifice 66 above the main fuel nozzle 14 (see Fig. 7). The liquid fuel is supplied to the fuel mixture for vaporizing through a jet nozzle 62 (see Fig. 4), arranged in a mixing tube 63 alongside of the fuelized mixing tube 39. The aporizer nozzle 62 is similar to the fuelizer nozzle 40, and is fed from the same supply duct 43 and provided with needle valve adjusting means like the fuelizer nozzle. The vaporizer mixing tube 63 is closed by the cock 53 when the vaporizer is first started and is warming up, a passage 64 through this valve serving to admit atmospheric air under normal operating conditions past the nozzle 62 to the mixing tube 63 and thence to the vaporizing passages 65. A control valve 67 having an operating lever 68 is also fitted in the vaporizer mixing tube between the fuel nozzle 62 and the vaporizing passages 65 for regulating the amount of fuel mixture drawn into the vaporizer. A screw 69 working in a slot 70 in the valve 67 holds it in place while permitting freedom of movement between its two extreme operating positions. lVhen the engine is warming up or running idle or under light load this valve may be closed, suitable control devices attached to the lever means.;

68 and leading to the instrument board or other convenient place being provided for this purpose.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 8, the burning mixture in the chamber 38 is drawn through the throat of the Venturi device 71 directly into the pas? sage 7 2 leading to the upper end of the mixing tube 16, and is defiected past the main fuel nozzle 14 by means of the inverted outlet pipe or hood 73. The nozzle 74 of the Venturi device 71 supplies cold air from the auxiliary air valve 19 and passage 61, into which part of the cold air enters when the valve is released after starting, and flows rapidly to the space 78 surrounding` the throat 79,

in the lower part of the mixing tube 16, where it mixes with the auxiliary air and passes directly into the upper end of the mixing tube 16 past the main nozzle 14. Viththis construction the control valve 67 may be kept closed entirely and satisfactory results attained by suitably adjusting the auxiliary air valve 19 and high speed valve 30 to suit the fuel being vaporized. rlhe proportions of the nozzle 74 and throat 79 should be such as to cause a substantial volume of air to flow through each.

The operation of the device for starting an automobile engine, for example, is as follows: The controls connected to the valve operating levers 24, 36 and 68 are set to close or loclr the valves 19, 30 and 67 shut; and the control for lever 54 operating the three way cock 53 is set to open the pass-age straight through from the heater chamber to the fuelizer mixing tube 39. The throttle valve 13 is opened slightly, the electric circuit through the carbon electrode 47 in the heater chamber is completed, and the motor is turned over, either by hand or by any suitable mechanical starting device. If the motor has an electrical starting device, the switch for supplying current to the carbon electrode 47 may be o mgitped and this current be taken from the motor starting circuit. The heater current is. only needed for a few seconds because of the heat of the arc.

Rotation of the motor draws air through the heater chamber 46, past the fuel nozzle where it picks up partly atomized fuel, and into the combustion chamber 38 where it is ignited by the continuously sparking plug55 and partially burns. The products of combustion and unburned `fuel mixture l pass through the orifices 6 0 in the heat transfer tube 58 in the form of device illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7, (through the Venturi device 71 in the form illustrated in Fig. 8,) and thence ultimately pastthe main fuel nozzle 14 where they are further enriched with atomized fuel,

and into the motor. The high temperature due to the combustion of a part of the fuel mixture vaporizes the remaining part of the fuel mixture, but any tendency of the flame to lengthen out and follow the flow of gaseous materialsis checked by the small orifices 60 in the tube 58 or by the walls of the nozzle` 7 4 and Venturi device 71.

After the motor has run a sufficient length of time for the walls and passages of the combustion chamber to become well heated, the three way cock 53 is turned to normal position and the valves 19 and 30 are released to function normally. rlhe control valve 67 may be kept closed until the vaporizer is well warmed up, and then opened or closed to suit the requirements, being closed to increase and opened to decrease the temperature of the vaporizer. A temperature producing a dull red color in the tube 58 or parts contained in the chamber 38 is satisfactory for vaporizing fuels of the gravity of kerosene. The modified form of device shown in Fig. 8 operates similarly, but attains a. satisfactory vapo-rizin g temperature sooner than the device shown in Figs. 1 to 7.

In the claims the word throat is used to designate a connecting passage not necessarily of less cross-sectional area than the chambers or passages that it connects.

Having described a preferred form of the invention, without restricting ourselves thereto, what we claim is as follows:

1. A vaporizer comprising a mixinor tube and mixing chamber connected by a throat, a fuel nozzle in said throat, a liquid fuel supply well and duct therefrom to said nozzle, a combustion chamber discharging into said mixing tube, means-for supplying fuel mixture thereto, a vaporizing tube in juxtaposition to said combustion chamber, said vaporizing tube discharging into said mixing ehalnber, means for supplying fuel mixture to said vaporizing tube, and means for maintaining combustion in said combustion chamber.

Y 2. A vaporizer comprising a mixing tube and mixing chamber' connected by a throat, a fuel nozzle in said throat, a liquid fuel supply well and duct therefrom to said nozzle, a combustion chamber discharging into said mixing tube, means for supplying fuel mixture thereto, an auxiliary air valve opening into said mixing tube, a vaporizing tube in juxtaposition to said combustion chamber', said vaporizing tube discharging into said mixing chamber, means for supplying fuel mixture toV said vaporizing tube, and means for mainzle, a Vcombustion chamber discharging intov taining combustion in said combustion cham- 3. A1 Vaporizer comprising a mixing tube and mixing-chamber connected by a throat,

f a fuel nozzle in said throat, Va liquid fuel supply Well and duct therefrom to said noztion, and means for maintaining combustion in said combustion chamber.

4. A vaporizer comprising a mixing tube and mixing-chamber connected by a throat, a fuel nozzle in said throat, a liquid fuel supply Well and duct therefrom to said nozzle, a combustion chamber discharging into said mixing tube, means for supplying fuel mixture thereto, an auxiliary air valve opening into said mixing tube, adjustable means for ycontrolling the amount of opening of saidvvalve, a vaporizing tube in juxtaposition to said combustion chamber, saidvaporizi'ng tube discharging into said mixing chamber, means for supplying fuel mixture to saidv vaporizing tube, a nozzle'in said mixingichamber, aw liquid fuel duct from said Well to said nozzle passing contiguous to said combustion chamber, a suction operated air ,Valve for admitting air past said nozzle to 4said chamber,means associated with said Valve for opening said nozzle when said valve is opened by the suction, and means for maine taining combustion in saidcombustion chamber. l, Y

5; Ay vaporizer comprising a mixing ltube and mixing chamber-connected by a throat, al fuel` nozzle'insaid. throat, a liquid fuel supply-Well and duct therefrom to said noz-Y Y zlea combustion chamber discharging into said mixing tube,means for supplying fuel mixture thereto, anauxiliary air valveropensaid combustion chamber, said vapori'zing ying into said mixing tube, :adjustable means for controlling the amount of opening of said valve, a Vaporizing tube in juxtaposition to said chamber, means associated with said Valve for opening said nozzle when said valve is opened by the suction, an electric heater for increasing the temperature of said combustion chamber and mixture at starting, and means for maintaining combustion in said combustion chamber.

6. A Vaporizer comprising a mixing tube and mixing chamber connected by a throat, a fuel nozzle in said throat, a liquid fuel supply Well and duct therefrom to said nozzle, a combustion chamber discharging into said mixing tube, means for supplying fuel mixture thereto, an auxiliary air valve opening into said mixing tube, a vaporizing tube in juxtaposition to said combustion chamber, said vaporizing tube discharging into said mixing chamber, means for supplying fuel mixture to said vaporizing tube, a nozzle in said mixing chamber, a liquid fuel duct from said well to said nozzle passing contiguous to said combustion chamber, an electric heat-er for increasing the temperature of said combustion chamber and mixture at starting, and means for maintaining combustion in said combustion chamber.

7. A vaporizer comprising a mixing tube and mixing chamber connected by a throat, a fuel nozzle in said throat, a liquid :fuel supply Well and duct therefrom to said nozzle, a combustion chamber discharging into said mixing tube, means for supplying fuel mixture thereto, an auxiliary air valve opening into said mixing tube, a yuporizing tube in juxtaposition to said combustion chamber, said Vaporizing tube discharging into said mixing chamber, means for supplying fuel mixture to said vaporizing tube, a nozzle in said mixing chamber, a liquid fuel duct from said well to said nozzle passing con tiguous to said combustion chamber, a suction operated air valve for admitting air past said nozzle to said chamber, an electric heater for increasing the temperature of said combustion chamber and mixture at starting, and, means for maintaining combustion in said. combustion l chamber.

8. Ayaporizer comprising a mixing tube and mixing chamber connected by a throat, a fuel nozzle in said throat, a liquid fuel supply Well and duct therefrom to said nozzle, a combustion chamber discharging into said mixing tube, means for supplying fuel mixture thereto, a vaporizing tube in juxtaposition to said combustion chamber, said vaporizing tube discharging into said mixing chamber, means for supplying fuel mixture to said Vaporizing tube, a nozzle in said mixing chamber, a liquid fuel duct from said Well to said nozzle passing contiguous "to said combustion chamber, a suction operated air valve for admitting air past said nozzle to said chamber, means associated with said valve for opening said nozzle when said valve is opened bythe suction, an electric heater for increasing the temperature of said combustion chamber and mixture at starting, and means for maintaining combustion in said combustion chamber.

9. A vaporizer comprising a mixing chamber, a main fuel nozzle, a heating chamber, an electric resistance element in association With said heating chamber for starting operation of the vaporizer, a Walled passage through said heating chamber discharging into said mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle in said passage, valve means for admitting air to said passage, and a suction operated air valve for admitting air to said mixing chamber. p

l0. A vaporizer having a main fuel supply nozzle and tivo auxiliary fuel supply nozzles, air supply means for said auxiliary nozzles, a combustion chamber into Which the mixture from one of said auxiliary supply nozzles discharges and means for igniting said mixture therein, a vaporizer passage in proximity to said combustion chamber into which the mixture from said other auxiliary supply nozzle discharges, and means for controlling the air supply means for said other auxiliary supply nozzle to alter the relative quantities of fuel supplied by said auxiliary nozzles to said combustion chamber and vaporizing passage, respectively.

ll. A vaporizer having a main fuel supply nozzle and two auxiliary fuel supply nozzles, air supply means fo-r said auxiliary nozzles, a combustion chamber into Which the mixture from one of said auxiliary supply nozzles discharges and means for igniting said mixture therein, a vaporizer passage in proximity to said combustion chamber into which the mixture from said other auxiliary supply nozzle discharges,and means for controlling the air supply means for said other auxiliary supply nozzle to alter the relative quantities of fuel supplied by `said auxiliary nozzles to said combustion chamber and vaporizing passage, respectively, in combination With an additional air supply means for diluting the products of combustion from said combustion chamber prior to mingling them With the mixture from said vaporizer passage.

l2. A vaporizer having a main fuel supply nozzle and two auxiliary fuel supply nozzles, air supply means for said auxiliary nozzles, a combustion chamber into Which the mixture from one of said auxiliary supply nozzles discharges, an electric heating device for initially heating the air supply for said auxiliary nozzle, a vaporizer passage `in proximity to said combustion chamber into Which the mixture from said other auxiliary supply nozzle discharges, and means for controlling the air supply means for said auxiliary supply nozzle to alter the relative quantities of fuel supplied by said auxiliary nozzles to d combustion `@hammer and vaporizng passage, respectively.

13. A vaporizer having a main fuel supply nozzle and tvvo auxiliary fuel supply nozzles, air supply means for said auxiliary nozzles, a combustion chamber into which the mixture from one of said auxiliary supply nozzles discharges, an electric heating device for initially heating` the air supply for said auxiliary nozzle, said heating device comprising a chamber having a restricted air supply opening, and valve means for closing the passage from said chamber to said nozzle When said heating device is not required, in combination with a vaporizer passage in proximity to said combustion chamber into which the mixture from said other auxiliary supply nozzle discharges, and means for controlling the air supply means for said auxiliary nozzle to alter the relative quantities of fuel supplied by said auxiliary nozzles to said combustion chamber and vaporizing passage, respectively.

ll. A vaporizer having a main fuel supply nozzle and two auxiliary fuel supply nozzles, air supply means for said auxiliary nozzles, a combustion chamber into Which the mixture from one of said auxiliary supply nozzlesdischarges, an electric heating device for initially hea-ting the air supply for said auxiliary nozzle, said heating device comprising a chamber having a restricted air supply opening, and valve means for closing the passage from said chamber to said nozzle When said heating device is not required, in combination with a vaporizer passage in proximity to said combustion chamber into which the mixture from said other auxiliary supply nozzleI discharges, and means for controlling the air supply means for said auxiliary nozzle to alter the relative quantities of fuel supplied by said auxiliary nozzles to said combustion chamber and vaporizing passage, respectively, said valve means also operating to close the air supply means tothe auxiliary nozzle supplying said vaporizing passage when the passage from said heater `chamber to said combustion chamber is open.

15. A vaporizer having a main fuel supply nozzle and two auxiliary fuel supply nozzles, air supply means for said auxiliary nozzles,

a combustion chamber into which the mixture y from one of said auxiliary supply nozzles discharges, an electric heating device for initially heating the air supply from said auxiliary nozzle, and a double valve having means for simultaneously closing said air supply and opening the air supply to the other auxiliary fuel supply nozzle, a vaporizer passage in proximity to said combustionchamber into chamber discharging into one of said mixing chambers, means for supplying fuel mixture to said combustion chamber, an igiiitiiig device therefor, a vaporizing chamber adjacent to said combustion chamber and discharging into the other of said-mixing chambers, and means for supplying fuel to said vaporizing chamber.

i 17. A :vaporizer comprising two mixing chambers connected Vby a throat, a main fuel Supply'nozzle in said throat, a combustion chamber discharging into one of said mixing chambers, means for supplying fuel mixture tosaid combustion chamber, an igniting-device therefor, a vaporizing chamber adj aeent to said combustion chamber and discharging into the other of said mixing chambers, means for supplying fuel and air in suitable proportions to said vaporizing chamber, and a normally closed ,suction operated air valve for admitting air to said mixing chamber.

18. A vaporizer for internal combusti-on engines comprising a mixing chamber having a main fuel nozzle, a valve controlled air supply ypassageleading thereto, a combustion chamber having fuelvand air supply means and ignition means therefor, and a vaporizing passage leading to said mixing chamber and provided with fuel and air supply means, said vaporizing passage having a chamber portion adjacent to said combustion chamber for receivingand vaporizing a quantity of air and fuel ready for supplying said mixing chamber as needed to meet the varying demandpof the engine.v

' 19. A vaporizer forinternal combustion engines comprising in combination a mixing chamber having a fuelV nozzle discharging therein, a valve. controlled air supply passage Vleading thereto, a combustion burner chamber, means associated therewith including a' source of heat independent of the engine for supplyinga preheated combustible fuel mixture thereto for starting the engine, a fuel supply conduit leading to said fuel nozzle'and having aportion arranged to absorb heat from the combustion' chamber and means'to control the supply of fuel to said conduit.

V20..A heavy fuel vaporizer for internal ,M Ycoinbustionenginesvcomprising, in combination, a main mixing chamber, a main'air inlet conduit discharging into the mixing chamber andhaving acontracted throat adjacent thereto, a fuel nozzle in said throat,

.cooeratinU 'high' s eed fuelfand air 'inlets alsodischarging into the mixing chamber, and aV combustion burner arranged to vaporize the fuel in the mixing chamber and to preheat the high speed fuel.

21. A heavyl fuel vaporizer for internal combustion engines comprising, in combination, a main mixing chamber, a main air inlet conduit discharging into the mixing chainber and having a contracted throat adjacent thereto, a fuel nozzle in said throat, cooperating high speed fuel and air inlets also discharging iiito the mixing chamber, and a conibustion burner also connected to discharge products of combustion into the main air inlet conduit and arranged to prclieat the high speed fuel.

22. A vaporizer for internal combustion engines comprising in combination a mixing chamber, a main carbureter discharging` into the mixing chamber and having an air inlet, a secondary carbureter arranged to supply a controlled mixture of fuel and air to the mixing chamber, a combustion burner for prelieating the secondary fuel mixture, said burner being connected to discharge products of combustion into the air inlet passage of the main carbureter.

23. A vaporizer for internal combustion engines comprising, iii combination, a mixing chamber and means for supplying a controlled mixture of fuel and air thereto, supplemental means for supplyingr a controlled mixture of fuel and air to said mixing chamber, and means for preheating said last named mixture after it is formed and prior to admitting it to said mixing chamber, said prelieatiiig means including an electric heating device.

24:. A vaporizer for internal combustion engines comprising in combination.l a mixing chamber and means for controlling the supply of f uel and air thereto, supplemental. means for supplying a controlled mixture of fuel and air to said mixing chamber, a preheating chamber for said supplemental mixture supplying means, a combustion burner for heating said preheating chamber, mixture supplying means for said combustion burner, and electric heating means for starting operation of said combustion burner.

25. A vaporizer comprising main mixing chambei containing a liquid fuel nozzle, a gasiiierchamber discharging fuel combustion products into the main mixing chamber in proximityv to said-nozzle, a vaporizer nozzle discharging into the main mixing chan'iber, and a vaporizer chamber for supplying vaporized fuel mixture to said nozzle heated by conduction from the gasilier chamber, and means forsupplying air and fuel to said gasifier chamber and vaporizer chamber independentlyy of the supply to said main mixing chamber.

26. A vaporizer comprising a nia-in inixin chamber containing a liquid fuel nozzle, a gasifier chamber discharging fuel combustion products into the main mixing chamber in proximity to said nozzle, a vaporizer nozzle discharging into the main mixing chamber, means for supplying additional air to said gasilier chamber and vaporizer nozzle, and a vaporizer chamber for supplying vaporized fuel mixture to said nozzle heated by conduction from the gasilier chamber, and means for supplying air and fuel to said gasiiier chamber and vaporizer chamber independently of the supply to said main mixing chamber.

27. A vaporizer comprising aI main mixing chamber containing a liquid fuel nozzle, a gasiiier chamber discharging fuel combustion products into the main mixing chamber in proximity to said nozzle, a vaporizer nozzle discharging into the main mixing chamber, and a vaporizer chamber for supplying vaporized fuel mixture to said nozzle heated by conduction from the gasilier chamber, and means for supplying air and fuel to said gasilier chamber and vaporizer chamber independently of the supply to said main mixing chamber, in combination with an electric starting device for initially heating the fuel supplied to said gasilier chamber.

28. A heavy fuel vaporizer having a combustion chamber and a liquid fuel supply, means for supplying a rich mixture of fuel and air to said combustion chamber, means for igniting said mixture and partly burning and vaporizing the fuel content thereof, a main air chiot and communicating passage leading to a mixing chamber, said combustion chamber discharging into said passage through flame extinguishing means, a Valve controlling the flow of air through said duct, fuel vaporizing means associated With said combustion chamber to be heated thereby and discharging into said mixing chamber, and valves for regulating the supply of fuel t0 said combustion chamber and to said mixing chamber from said fuel supply.

Q9. A heavy fuel vaporizer having a combustion chamber and a liquid fuel supply, means for supplying a rich mixture of fuel and air to said combustion chamber, means for igniting said mixture and partly burning and vaporizing the fuel content thereof, a. main air duct and communicating passage leading to a mixing chamber, said combustion chamber discharging into said Jassa'e through flame extinguishinp,` means, a valve controlling the flow of air through said duct, fuel vaporizing means associated with said combustion chamber to be heated thereby and discharging into said mixing chamber, valves for regulating the supply of fuel to said combustion chamber and to said mixing chamber from said fuel supply, and means for controlling said main air duct valve and said fuel supply valves for producingr a rich mixture composed largely of combustion products in said combustion and mixing chambers for starting purposes.

30. Aheavy fuel vaporizer for internal combustion engines comprising, in combination, a combustion burner having an igniter therein,

means initially to supply a readily combustiblefuel mixture to the burner for starting purposes, means to supply aspirated heavy fuel to the burner after it is initially heated, the amount of air supplied to the burner being inadequate to support complete combustion of the fuel mixture, means for extinguishing` the flame in said burner before it reaches the engine int-aire passage, a secondary mixing chamber into which the partial products of combustion are discharged, an inlet opening controlled by the engine suction also discharging into said secondary mixing chamber, and a fuel heating conduit associated in heat exchanging relation with said combustion chamber and connected to discharge additional fuel into said secondary mixing chamber.

3l. Apparatus for vaporizing heavy fuels for internal combustion engines Which coinprises a combustion burner, and an intake passage leading to the engine, means for initially suiliplying a readily combustible over rich mixture of fuel and air to the said combustion burner for starting purposes, means for igniting` the mixture and discharging the partial products of combustion into the intake passage, means for admitting an aspirated rich mixture of the heavy fuel in lieu of the initial supply to the burner chamber after it becomes heated, means for controlling aspirated mixture operated by the engine suction, heating means associated With said combustion burner for heating to vaporizing temperature under reduced pressure an additional or auxiliary supply of the heavy fuel, and means operated by the engine suction for admitting into said intake passage a controlled supply of the preheated or vaporized fuel and air in mixing relation with the partial combustion products, said last named means being adjusted to operate when the engine creates heavy suction in the intake passage.

32. Apparatus for Vaporizing heavy fuels for internal combustion engines which comprises a combustion burner and intake passage leading to the engine, means for initially supplying a readily combustible over rich mixture of fuel and air to said con'ibustion burner for starting purposes, means for igniting the mixture and discharging the partial products of combustion into the int-alie passage, means for admitting an aspirated rich mixture of the heavy fuel in lieu of the initial supply to the burner chamber after it becomes heated, means for controlling said aspirated mixture operated by the engine suction, means for supplying supplemental air and preheating it by the combustion burner, means for supplying supplemental heavy fuel and preheating it also by the combustion burner, and means for intermingling the partial combustionproducts with the supplement-a1` fuel and air in the intake passage before they reach the main intake manifold.

In testimony whereof, we have signed our names to this speciicaton.

ROBERT F. LONABERGER. CHARLES F. SANDS. 

